Q #1) What is Android?
Answer: Android is an open-source operating system and is mainly popular for Smartphones and Tablets.
This operating system is Linux Kernel-based. Using the Android operating system, the developer develops the functions or programs which can perform basic as well as the advanced type of operations on the Smartphone.
Q #2) What is the Android SDK?
Answer: To develop a mobile application, Android developers require some tools and this requirement is satisfied by “Android SDK” which is a set of tools that are used for developing or writing apps.
It has a Graphical User Interface that emulates the Android environment. This emulator acts like an actual mobile device on which the developers write their code and then debug/test the same code to check if anything is wrong.
Q #3) What are the different versions of Android OS that you remember?
Answer: Given below are the various versions of Android.
| Version | Name |
|---|---|
| Android 8.0 | Oreo |
| Android 7.0 – 7.1.2 | Nougat |
| Android 6 – 6.0.1 | Marshmallow |
| Android 5 – 5.1.1 | Lollipop |
| Android 4.4 – 4.4.4 | KitKat |
| Android 4.1 – 4.3 | Jelly Bean |
| Android 4.0-4.0.4 | Ice Cream Sandwich |
Q #4) What is the difference between Mobile Application Testing and Mobile Testing?
Answer: Mobile app testing is the testing of applications on a device which mainly focuses on functions and features of the application.
And Mobile Testing is the testing of the actual mobile device and focuses on mobile features like Call, SMS, Contacts, Media Player, inbuilt browsers, etc.
Q #5) Name the languages supported for Android development.
Answer: Java is the widely used language for Android development. It also supports C/C++ and when used with Android SDK, it improves the performance speed too.
Q #6) What are the advantages of the Android Operating System?
Answer: It is open-source and platform-independent. It supports various technologies like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc
Q #7) Define and explain the Android Framework.
Answer: Android framework is a set of API’s using which the Android developers write code for the mobile apps. It contains the methods and classes to write the programming code.
Android framework includes a different set of tools to create image pane, text field, buttons, etc. It also includes “Activities” with which the user interacts and “Services”, which are the programs that run in the background. It is a package of different components like Intents, Broadcast Receivers, Content Providers, etc.
Q #8) Provide the important core components of Android.
Answer: The core components of Android operating systems are:
- Activity
- Intents
- Services
- Content Provider
- Fragment
Q #9) Explain briefly – what is meant by Activities?
Answer: Activities are the part of the mobile app which the user can see and interact with.
For Example, if you open an SMS app which has multiple activities like create new SMS, add a contact from the address book, write the content in the SMS body, send SMS to the selected contact, etc.
Activity keeps a track of the following:
- Keeps track of what a user is currently looking for in an app.
- Keeps a track of previously used processes, so that the user can switch between ongoing process and previous process.
- It helps to kill the processes so that the user can return to their previous state
An activity is implemented as a subclass of Activity class as shown below:
Public class MyActivity extends Activity
{
}
Q # 10) What is meant by Services?
Answer: Service is an Android component that runs in the background and acts independently. It does not provide any user interface.
Though the services are running behind the scene, a user can continue their work on different apps. Most of the time, the users are not aware of the services which are running in the background. These services allow the system to kill the process without interrupting the user’s ongoing work.
A service is implemented as a subclass of Service class:
Public class MainService extends Service
{
}
Q #11) What is an Intent?
Answer: Android has an Intent class when the user has to navigate from one activity to another. Intent displays notifications from the device to the user and then the user can respond to the notification if required.
Given below are the two types:
- Implicit Intents
- Explicit Intents
Q #12) Explain Implicit and Explicit Intents.
Answer: Implicit Intent calls the system components while Explicit Intents invoke the Activity class.
Q #13) What is the importance of setting up permission in app development?
Answer: Once the permissions are set for the app development, then the data and code are restricted to the authorized users only.
If the code is kept without any restriction or if it is accessible to anyone then there are chances of compromise of code which results in defect leakage.
Q #14) What is .apk extension in Android?
Answer: It is a default file format that is used by the Android Operating System. Application Package Kit (APK) is used for the installation of mobile apps. The .apk contains resource file, certificate, manifest file, and other code.
APK files are archive files in the zip format with .apk extension.
Q #15) What is the database used for the Android platform?
Answer: SQLite is the database that is used for the Android platform. It is an open-source, serverless database.
Q #16) What is ANR in Android?
Answer: ANR stands for Application Not Responding. It is a notification or pop-up displayed by the Android platform whenever the application is performing too many functions at a time and if it is suddenly not responding for a long time to the user action.
Q #17) Which are the dialog boxes supported by the Android platform?
Answer: Android supports four types of dialog boxes:
- AlertDialog: It has a maximum of 3 buttons and sometimes AlertDialog includes checkboxes and Radio buttons to select the element.
- ProgressDialog: It displays the progress bar or wheels.
- TimePickerDialog: Using this dialog box, a user selects the Time.
- DatePickerDialog: Using this dialog box, a user selects the Date
Q #18) What is ADB?
Answer: Android Debug Bridge (ADB) is a command-line tool that performs shell commands.
ADB is used for direct communication between the emulator ports. It gives direct control of the communication between the emulator instances to the developer.
Q #19) What is ActivityCreator?
Answer: ActivityCreator is a batch file and shell script which was used to create a new Android project. It is now replaced by the “Create New Project” in Android SDK.
Q #20) What is Orientation?
Answer: Orientation is the key feature in Smartphones nowadays. It has the ability to rotate the screen between Horizontal or Vertical mode.
Android supports two types of screen Orientations as mentioned below:
- Portrait: When your device is vertically aligned.
- Landscape: When your device is horizontally aligned.
setOrientation() is a method using which you can set a screen alignments. HORIZONTAL and VERTICAL are two values that can be set in the setOrientation() method. Whenever there is a change in the display orientation i.e. from Horizontal to Vertical or vice versa then onCreate() method of the Activity gets fired.
Basically, when the orientation of the Android mobile device gets changed then the current activity gets destroyed and then the same activity is recreated in the new display orientation. Android developers define the orientation in the AndroidManifest.xml file.
Q #21) What is AIDL?
Answer: In the Android platform, there are remote methods that facilitate the use of methods from one program to another. To create and implement the remote methods the first step is to define the communication interface in AIDL.
AIDL stands for Android Interface Definition Language. It facilitates communication between the client and the service. It also communicates the information through inter-process communication.
For communication between processes, the data is broken down into chunks which are easily understandable by the Android platform.
Q #22) What are the data types supported by AIDL?
Answer: Data Types supported by AIDL are as follows:
- String
- List
- Map
- charSequence
- Java data types such as INT, Long, Char, Boolean, etc
Q #23) Explain the AndroidManifest.xml file and why do you need this?
Answer: Every application must have an AndroidManifest.xml file in the root directory. It contains information about your app and provides the same to the Android system.
The information includes the package name, Android components such as Activity, Services, Broadcast Receivers, Content Providers, etc. Every Android system must have this information before running any app code.
AndroidManifest.xml file performs the following tasks:
- It provides a name to the Java package and this name is a unique identifier for the application.
- It describes the various components of the application which include Activity, Services, Content Providers, etc. Also, it defines the classes which implement these components.
- It is responsible to protect the application and it declares the permission for accessing the protected part of the app.
- It also declares the Android API which is going to be used by the application.
- It contains the library file details which are used and linked to the application.
Q #24) What all devices have you worked on?
Answer: There are many mobile devices available in the market with different operating systems.
Specifically, I have worked on Android, Windows, Symbian, iPhone, etc
Q #25) Which tools are used for debugging on the Android platform?
Answer: To understand the cause of the failure or cause of any issue, debugging is important. On the Android platform Android Monitor.bat utility is used while on the iOS platform, iPhone Configuration utility is used for debugging purposes.
There are different tools for debugging which include: Android DDMS, Android Debug Bridge, iOS simulator, Debugging from Eclipse with ADT, Remote debugging on Android with Chrome, etc.
Q #26) Which scenario can test only on real devices but not on an emulator?
Answer: Emulators are used for performing similar kinds of testing which is performed on the real devices. Basically, emulators are used as a replacement for real devices as sometimes real devices are not available for testing, the use of real mobile devices for testing purposes is costlier at times.
But there are few scenarios that cannot be tested using emulator, these can be tested only using real devices. These scenarios are interrupted scenarios i.e. message, phone call interruption while using the app, low battery, Bluetooth, memory card mount and unmount, etc.
Q #27) Name the mobile automation tools that are available in the market.
Answer: There are quite a few mobile automation testing tools that are available in the market but these are used only if the project requires it and if the application supports the automation.
These tools are paid as well as free tools, hence analysis needs to be done within the project team and then the appropriate mobile automation tool needs to be selected. Silk Mobile, SeeTest, Ranorex are the paid mobile automation tool while Appium, KIF, Robotium, Calabash are few free tools.
Q #28) How do you troubleshoot the android application which is crashing frequently?
Answer: Given below are the few steps that we need to follow while troubleshooting the crashing issue:
- Free up memory space: There is only limited space available on mobile devices for mobile apps. To avoid crashing issues or memory-related issues, you need to first check the memory space.
- Clear app data usage: You can clear the app data using the Application Manager under “Settings”. This will clear the cache memory and allow some free space to install another app or it will boost up your current app.
- Memory Management: Some apps run perfectly on one type of mobile device but the same app may not work on another type of device as for such devices the processing power, memory management, and CPU speed is different. For any app to run properly on any type of mobile device, you should manage the memory on the device.
- Compatibility issue: It is always not possible to test mobile apps on all mobile devices, browsers, operating systems, etc. So you need to test your mobile app on as many mobile devices as you can in order to avoid any compatibility issue.
Q #29) How do you find memory leaks in the mobile app on the Android platform?
Answer: Android Studio is using Android Device Manager (ADM), this ADM is used to detect the memory leaks in the Android platform.
When you open ADM in the Android Studio then on the left-hand side of the ADM, you will find your device or emulator in which a heap sign will be displayed. When you are running any mobile app then you will see the heap size, memory analysis and other statistics displayed on it.
Q #30) What is DDMS?
Answer: Android Studio has debugging tools known as DDMS i.e. Dalvik Debug Monitor Server.
It has wide debugging features which include:
- Port forwarding services.
- Screen capture on the device.
- Thread and Heap information.
- Incoming call and SMS spoofing.
- Logcat
- Radio state information.
- Location data spoofing.
DDMS is integrated with the Android studio. To launch the DDMS, you need to open the Android Device Monitor (ADM) first and then click on the DDMS menu button. Once DDMS is launched, then on the left-hand side the list of connected devices is displayed along with the processes which are running on each device.
With the help of DDMS, you can debug both on real devices and emulators.
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